5 cancer types where screenings save the most lives
Early detection is crucial when it comes to cancer survival, which is why screenings and prevention strategies are highly recommended. A recent study led by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)’s National Cancer Institute (NCI) and published in JAMA Oncology revealed that advancements in cancer screenings and prevention have been more effective in reducing deaths from five common cancers over a 45-year period than advances in treatments.
According to the study, over 5.94 million deaths were prevented for breast, lung, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancers between 1975 and 2020. Screening and prevention strategies accounted for 80% of these averted deaths, with breast cancer being the only type where treatment advances prevented more deaths.
The most effective prevention strategy identified in the study was quitting smoking, which was credited for averting 3.45 million lung cancer deaths. For breast cancer, early intervention and advanced treatment modalities such as lumpectomy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy have been key in saving lives. Additionally, digital mammography, ultrasound, and MRI have played a significant role in early detection and treatment.
To reduce the risk of cervical cancer deaths, regular Pap tests, HPV vaccines, and the removal of precancerous lesions found during screenings are recommended. For prostate cancer, the PSA test has been pivotal in guiding interventions such as MRI, biopsy, robotic surgery, and various radiation treatments.
Dr. Marc Siegel, a clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Health and Fox News senior medical analyst, emphasized the importance of optimizing the uptake and use of prevention and screening for these five cancers to benefit all Americans, especially underserved populations. He also highlighted the potential of artificial intelligence in guiding screenings and interventions to save lives across various types of cancers.
The researchers acknowledged some limitations in the study, including the focus on mortality and the exclusion of quality of life measures. Additionally, the findings may not be applicable to other cancers for which effective prevention, screening, or treatment interventions are lacking.
In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of prevention and screening in reducing cancer deaths and emphasizes the need for continued efforts to develop novel strategies for preventing deaths from other lethal cancers. By staying proactive and informed about cancer prevention and screening, individuals can take steps to protect their health and well-being.
