Alzheimer’s disease risk linked to cold sores, similar viruses in new study
A new study published in BMJ Open suggests that cold sores, caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), may play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers examined 344,628 “case-control pairs,” matching individuals in age, sex, geographical region, and number of healthcare visits. One person in each pair had Alzheimer’s disease while the other did not. Of the groups studied, 1,507 individuals with Alzheimer’s also had HSV-1, while only 823 people in the control group had the virus.
The study found that those who were treated for HSV-1 with anti-herpetic medication following their diagnosis were 17% less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease compared to those who did not use the treatments. This finding emphasizes the importance of viewing the prevention of herpes viruses as a public health priority.
It was observed that the risk of an HSV-1 diagnosis was 80% higher in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s. Less commonly, cold sores can be caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The study also highlighted the potential role of other herpes viruses in increasing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
However, the specific connection between viruses like HSV-1 and heightened dementia risk remains unclear. The researchers noted that inflammatory alterations in the brain caused by HSV infection may play a pivotal role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Treatment with anti-viral therapy seems to lower the risk of Alzheimer’s, suggesting that HSV-1 treatment may be protective.
There are some limitations to the study, including the under-diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and the lack of data on HSV-1 infections prior to the patient’s database entry. Additionally, many individuals with HSV-1 infection may be asymptomatic or not seek medical care during recurrences, leading to underreporting.
While there is no cure for cold sores, prescription antiviral medicine or creams can help manage outbreaks, heal sores more quickly, and reduce the frequency and severity of future outbreaks. The researchers urge further research to understand the relationship between HSV-1 and Alzheimer’s disease better.
In conclusion, the study sheds light on a potential link between cold sores and Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting the importance of preventing herpes viruses for overall public health. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying this connection and develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
