Astronauts’ 9-month stay in space could help with healthier mission to Mars

As astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams readjust to life on Earth after spending nine months in space, their experiences and recovery process provide valuable insights for scientists looking to improve preparations for longer space flights in the future, experts say.

NASA’s goal of sending humans to Mars as early as the 2030s presents a significant challenge, with round-trip flights lasting up to 21 months. The extreme conditions of space, including radiation exposure, lack of gravity, and confined spaces, can have a profound impact on astronauts’ health, according to Dr. Farhan Asrar, an expert in space medicine at Toronto Metropolitan University.

One of the main challenges astronauts face in space is the shift of bodily fluids upwards due to the absence of gravity, leading to issues such as facial swelling and increased pressure in the skull, which can affect vision. Additionally, the lack of gravitational force can result in bone and muscle loss, which astronauts on the International Space Station combat by exercising for up to two hours a day.

The cardiovascular system, balance mechanisms, and immune systems are also significantly affected by space flight, as noted by Robert Thirsk, a former astronaut and medical doctor. Thirsk emphasizes the importance of addressing healthcare delivery for future Mars missions, highlighting the need for onboard medical expertise and AI-enabled diagnostic tools to ensure crew members’ well-being.

Despite the challenges of long-duration space missions, advancements in technology have made monitoring astronauts’ health more efficient. Tools such as portable ultrasound devices and bio-analyzers allow for real-time health assessments, enabling comparisons of astronauts’ pre-flight and post-flight conditions. These advancements reflect the ongoing efforts to enhance astronauts’ health and safety during space travel.

In addition to the physical challenges of space flight, astronauts must also possess strong interpersonal skills, including stress management, teamwork, and leadership abilities. Thirsk emphasizes the importance of cultivating these traits to excel in the demanding environment of space exploration.

As Wilmore and Williams transition back to life on Earth, their experiences serve as a testament to the resilience and adaptability required for long-duration space missions. By leveraging the lessons learned from their journey, scientists and space agencies can better prepare for the challenges of future missions to Mars and beyond.