Seal ‘Fitbits’ aim to understand how pups survive on Sable Island

Researchers are delving into the fascinating world of grey seal pups on Sable Island, aiming to unravel the mystery of how these adorable creatures develop the skills needed to survive their first year of life. With the odds stacked against them, up to 400,000 grey seals gather on the remote sandbar located about 300 kilometers southeast of Halifax each winter to give birth and raise their pups.

However, the parental care offered by the mother seal is short-lived, lasting only two to three weeks before she leaves her pup to fend for itself. This lack of long-term guidance leaves the young seals to navigate the challenges of survival on their own. Michelle Shero, a marine biologist from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, describes this process as truly remarkable given the harsh realities faced by the pups.

Unfortunately, the harsh environment and fierce competition for limited food sources result in a staggering 90 percent mortality rate among grey seal pups on Sable Island during their first year. The pups struggle to compete with the adults in hunting and diving abilities, leading to early signs of distress.

To better understand the development and health of these vulnerable pups, Shero and her team have initiated a pilot project using Fitbit-style monitors. These monitors track the pups’ heart rates, activity levels, and movement patterns to gain insights into their energy usage, health status, and overall development. By collecting data on the pups before they begin swimming, researchers hope to uncover key information on their readiness for ocean life.

The challenge of creating a durable and non-invasive monitor suitable for attaching to the seals fell to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute engineer Ben Weiss. With a focus on ensuring minimal interference with the seals’ natural behavior, Weiss developed a custom backpack and electrode holders to protect the monitors and allow for easy attachment and removal.

The monitors provide valuable information on the pups’ heart rate, activity levels, and EKG readings, shedding light on their health and energy expenditure. By continuously improving monitoring methods and technology, researchers aim to enhance their understanding of animal behavior and survival strategies.

Looking ahead, Shero plans to expand the pilot project by equipping more pups with monitors and including their mothers in the study. This comprehensive approach will offer insights into the mothers’ investment in their offspring and how effectively the pups utilize the energy provided by their mothers. By combining innovative technology with hands-on research, the team hopes to unlock the secrets behind the survival of grey seal pups on Sable Island.