These 3 common brain disorders are tied to 17 modifiable risk factors

Aging is a natural process that comes with its own set of challenges, including an increased risk of developing certain diseases. Stroke, dementia, and late-life depression are three common conditions that many older adults may face. However, a recent study from Mass General Brigham (MGB) has shed light on the fact that these diseases share many of the same risk factors, and that lifestyle changes can play a significant role in reducing the risk of developing them.

The researchers identified 17 common risk factors that are linked to stroke, dementia, and late-life depression. These risk factors include blood pressure, kidney disease, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, alcohol use, diet, hearing loss, pain, physical activity, purpose in life, sleep, smoking, social engagement, and stress. By focusing on these factors and making healthy lifestyle changes, individuals may be able to reduce their risk of developing these aging-related diseases.

Senior author of the study, Sanjula Singh, MD, PhD, emphasized the importance of prevention and highlighted the hopeful aspect of the findings. She suggested that small changes in daily routines, such as managing blood pressure, staying physically active, eating well, and maintaining social connections, can make a significant difference in brain health over time. Dr. Marc Siegel, clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Health, also expressed agreement with the study findings, noting that these factors can decrease inflammation in the body and reduce the risk of stroke, dementia, and late-life depression.

The researchers recommended approaching the 17 risk factors as a “menu of options” and starting with one to three small, realistic changes. For example, measuring blood pressure and taking steps to keep it at a healthy level could be a good starting point. Other areas to focus on include sleep, social connections, blood sugar, and physical activity. Singh highlighted that progress in one area often supports progress in others, and that even small improvements can make a meaningful difference in brain health.

While the study has its limitations, including a focus on modifiable risk factors shared by at least two of the three conditions, experts agree that lifestyle changes can play a key role in promoting health and longevity. Dr. Brintha Vasagar, a family physician based in Milwaukee, emphasized that diet, exercise, sleep, and having a purpose in life are critical not only for brain health but also for preventing numerous chronic diseases. Overall, the study underscores the importance of proactive brain care and the potential impact of making small lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of aging-related diseases.