11 dead as India struggles with creeping paralysis outbreak linked to contaminated water

Awanti Naik, a public school teacher from Pune, India, experienced the onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in early January, with symptoms including double vision, a severe headache, and facial paralysis. This rare autoimmune disorder targets the nerves, causing muscle weakness and paralysis. Naik found herself in intensive care for 12 days, unable to speak or swallow, and connected to an IV for nutrition. She feared she would never fully recover from the paralysis.

The outbreak of GBS in Pune has affected 212 individuals, with 11 reported deaths and 32 patients still in intensive care. The local authorities swiftly identified the nature of the outbreak and worked to provide necessary hospital beds and cover medical costs. Dr. Ameet Dravid, an infectious disease specialist, highlighted the challenges faced during the initial days of the outbreak, with a sudden surge in GBS cases overwhelming hospitals.

The outbreak was traced back to a common bacterium called campylobacter jejuni, which is known to cause foodborne illness. However, a specific strain of this bacterium with a unique outer layer that mimics nerve cells triggers the autoimmune response leading to GBS. The World Health Organization has stepped in to assist local health workers in monitoring and treating cases.

The difficulty in diagnosing GBS, especially in remote areas, lies in the need for specialized testing kits. Water contamination was identified as the likely source of the pathogen, with contaminated wells and other water sources being the culprits. Dravid emphasized the importance of public health measures in preventing such outbreaks and highlighted the need for improved water purification facilities.

Naik’s recovery process is ongoing, with lingering symptoms such as double vision impacting her ability to work as a teacher. The financial burden of treatment has added strain to her family, with medical expenses being a significant concern. The long-term effects of GBS, including muscle weakness and nerve damage, require extensive physiotherapy for recovery.

As Pune grapples with the aftermath of the GBS outbreak, there is a growing awareness of the need for prioritizing public health and sanitation measures. The city’s rapid urbanization has outpaced infrastructure development, leading to water contamination issues. Naik’s story serves as a reminder of the importance of adequate healthcare and environmental safeguards in preventing such health crises in the future.