Black bears declined in parts of Ont., new research shows. How that could impact hunting is a bigger question

The black bear population in Ontario has been a topic of concern recently, with new research revealing significant declines in certain areas of the province. A population survey conducted by government researchers used DNA sampling to more accurately estimate the bear population throughout Ontario. The results showed declines ranging from 20 to 40 per cent in areas north of Sudbury and near Thunder Bay, likely due to human-caused mortality from conflicts or hunting.

However, not all areas saw declines. In and around Algonquin Provincial Park, there was a 70 per cent increase in the bear population. Despite these fluctuations, black bears are not considered threatened or endangered in the province. The research has sparked debate over the spring bear hunt in Ontario, a contentious issue between the hunting and tourism sector and conservation groups.

The Ontario government made the spring bear hunt permanent in 2021, despite concerns raised by bear advocates. The hunt contributes significantly to the tourism economy of northern Ontario, but critics worry about its impact on bear populations, especially during the vulnerable time when mother bears have young cubs. The spring hunt was previously cancelled in 1999 due to these concerns but was reinstated in 2015.

Hunters are prohibited from killing female bears with cubs, but accurately identifying mother bears in the wild can be challenging. While proponents argue that the hunt can be done sustainably, opponents question the science behind the decision to bring it back. With the bear population survey revealing declines in certain areas, there is a call for a more comprehensive understanding of the impacts of the spring hunt on black bear populations.

Moving forward, the government plans to use the data from the population survey to create a regular monitoring program. This will allow researchers to track population changes over time and gain a better understanding of bear movement patterns. By informing bear management policies with this data, the government aims to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of black bear populations in Ontario.