Dementia risk could be linked to walking speed, study suggests
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open suggests that a slower walking pace could be an early sign of cognitive decline or dementia in older adults. The study, conducted by researchers who assessed over 16,800 healthy individuals aged 65 and older in the U.S. and Australia, found that those who showed a decrease in walking speed by at least 2 inches per second per year, along with slower cognitive ability, were at a higher risk of developing dementia.
Dr. Taya A. Collyer, who led the study at Monash University in Australia, emphasized that the combination of declining memory and slowing gait could be a stronger indicator of future dementia risk than decline in one of those factors alone. Dr. Amy Brodtmann, a neurologist and professor at Monash University, noted that family members often notice changes in their loved ones’ behavior before a dementia diagnosis.
The researchers suggested that measuring walking speeds could be a useful tool, along with other screening measures, to identify individuals at risk of developing dementia and ensure they receive early testing and preventive interventions. Dr. Collyer stated that walking speed is simple to measure and could be monitored by family doctors when concerns about dementia arise.
Edward Farrell, a physical therapist, explained that a person’s gait pattern and speed require reflexive planning, adjustments to surfaces, and focus and attention, which are often impaired in individuals with cognitive diseases. Courtney Kloske, from the Alzheimer’s Association, highlighted the importance of exploring other factors that may impact dementia risk, such as genetics, health conditions, health-related behaviors, and environmental elements.
Kloske also emphasized the role of adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors in preventing or postponing cognitive decline. Maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise routine, controlling diabetes and blood pressure, and staying socially engaged are recommended to reduce dementia risk. Farrell recommended exercises to improve walking stride, strengthen foundational muscles, and improve stability and confidence with walking.
For those planning to start a walking program, wearing supportive sneakers and using assistive devices like a cane for balance and mobility challenges is advised. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting an exercise regimen. The study underscores the importance of monitoring walking speed as a potential indicator of cognitive decline and dementia risk in older adults.
