Diabetes medications like Ozempic associated with higher vision loss risk

Diabetes is a serious health condition that can have far-reaching consequences, including vision loss. According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetes is the leading cause of vision loss in people between the ages of 18 and 64. One of the best ways to prevent vision loss associated with diabetes is to control blood sugar levels.

Recently, medications known as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s), such as Ozempic and Mounjaro, have gained popularity for their ability to help control diabetes and treat obesity. However, new Canadian research has uncovered a potential side effect of these medications that may come as a surprise to many.

A retrospective study conducted in Canada from January 2020 to November 2023 included over 139,000 diabetic patients, some of whom were taking GLP-1s for at least six months and some who were not taking the medications over a three-year period. The study found that participants taking these weight-loss medications had twice the risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) compared to those not taking them.

Dr. Rajeev Muni, an ophthalmologist and vice-chair of clinical research at the University of Toronto, explained that there have been growing reports of adverse events, including eye problems, associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. The study also observed a dose-response relationship, meaning that the longer patients were exposed to these medications, the greater their risk appeared to be.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in individuals aged 50 and older in the developed world. There are two types of AMD – dry and wet. Dry AMD is more common and occurs when small deposits of protein develop under the macula. In some cases, dry AMD can progress to wet AMD, also known as neovascular age-related macular degeneration. This advanced form of the disease can cause significant vision loss due to the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina.

While the risk of developing nAMD while on GLP-1 medications is low, patients should be aware of the possible eye side effects related to these medications. If someone experiences symptoms such as blurred vision, distorted vision, or new blind spots, they should seek medical attention promptly. Early detection of eye disease is crucial, as timely treatment can help reduce the risk of vision loss.

It’s important to note that the study had limitations and was observational in nature. More research is needed to better understand why diabetic individuals on GLP-1s may have an increased risk of eye disease. The study authors hope that their findings will empower patients to monitor for early symptoms and seek appropriate medical care if needed.

In conclusion, while GLP-1 medications can be beneficial for controlling diabetes and treating obesity, it’s essential to be aware of the potential side effects, including eye problems. By staying informed and vigilant about any changes in vision, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their eye health and overall well-being.