Do I need a measles vaccine dose? What to know
Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus that is more infectious than influenza, chickenpox, or even COVID-19. While measles illnesses are typically mild, they can range in severity from ear infections and pneumonia to swelling of the brain, known as encephalitis, which can lead to convulsions, deafness, or intellectual disability. Tragically, in Ontario in 2024, measles resulted in the death of a child under the age of five.
Dr. Theresa Tam, Canada’s chief public health officer, expressed concern about the low vaccination coverage in Canada, emphasizing the need to halt the spread of measles. Symptoms of measles include fever, cough, red watery eyes, runny nose, Koplik spots, and a rash that typically starts on the face and spreads to the trunk, arms, and legs.
The measles virus is airborne and can be transmitted through respiratory secretions. Infected droplets can linger in the air for several hours and remain infectious on surfaces for up to two hours. This high level of contagion makes measles a significant public health concern.
Preventing measles is crucial, as there is no specific treatment for the disease. Physicians focus on managing symptoms, preventing complications, and ensuring patient comfort. All individuals who have not been previously infected with measles or received two doses of a measles-containing vaccine are at risk of infection, according to the Public Health Agency of Canada.
Vaccination is a key tool in preventing measles infections and related complications. The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, has been instrumental in eliminating measles in Canada since 1998. However, vaccination coverage has declined in recent years, particularly among young children.
Health officials recommend two doses of the MMR vaccine for susceptible groups, such as healthcare workers and military personnel. Susceptible travelers born before 1970 should also receive a dose before traveling outside of Canada. Adults born before 1970 are generally presumed to have immunity from past exposure to measles.
Maintaining high vaccination rates is essential to prevent the resurgence of measles and protect vulnerable populations. If local transmission of measles continues for a year, Canada risks losing its elimination status. By staying vigilant and ensuring widespread vaccination, we can continue to keep measles at bay and safeguard public health.
