New evidence finds Mars may have had conditions that could have supported life

A groundbreaking new study led by a University of Calgary scientist has uncovered compelling evidence suggesting that Mars may have once had a carbon cycle, further bolstering the case for the planet’s past habitability. Utilizing data collected from the Mars rover Curiosity, a team of researchers unearthed traces of siderite, an iron carbonate mineral, within the Gale Crater on Mars.

The presence of siderite indicates that water on Mars may have evaporated and been deposited in the planet’s pores, leading to the formation of this mineral. These findings hint at a time, approximately 3½ billion years ago, when Mars boasted a dense atmosphere and flowing water, creating conditions conducive to life.

Lead author of the study, Ben Tutolo, an associate professor at the University of Calgary’s faculty of science, expressed his surprise at the discovery of siderite, especially since previous satellite measurements had failed to detect it. Tutolo highlighted the significance of these findings, emphasizing that they provide crucial insights into Mars’ ancient climate and geological history.

The study’s findings shed light on the value of the Curiosity rover, which has been a vital tool in unraveling the mysteries of Mars since its arrival in 2012. Chris Herd, a planetary geologist at the University of Calgary, commended the rover’s longevity and its ability to gather invaluable data about the red planet.

While Mars may have exhibited habitable conditions in the past, Tutolo cautioned that these conditions were not sustained indefinitely. The planet’s climate likely oscillated between habitable and inhospitable states, posing intriguing questions about the potential for life to have originated on Mars.

Drawing parallels to Earth, the study’s findings underscore the importance of carbon sequestration in regulating planetary climates. Tutolo, who has conducted research on carbon sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy, noted the relevance of applying this knowledge to Mars’ carbon cycle.

Looking ahead, Herd expressed enthusiasm for upcoming missions, such as NASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, which aims to collect and return samples from the red planet. These missions hold the promise of deepening our understanding of Mars’ geological history and potential for past habitability.

As scientists continue to unravel the mysteries of Mars, the study serves as a testament to the rich tapestry of planetary exploration. Whether seeking climate solutions on Earth or unlocking the secrets of Mars’ ancient climate, researchers like Tutolo and Herd remain steadfast in their pursuit of knowledge and discovery.