Rising threat of nitazenes joins fentanyl in Canada’s toxic drug supply

The rise of synthetic opioids has been a major concern in Canada, with the toxic drug crisis claiming over 47,000 lives since 2016. Fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid, has been at the forefront of this crisis. However, a new class of synthetic drugs, known as nitazenes, is now making headlines as an even more potent and dangerous substance.

Nitazenes have been seized in drug busts across the country, from Metro Vancouver to Labrador and Prince Edward Island. Public health units in Ottawa and Quebec’s Eastern Townships have also raised concerns about the presence of nitazenes in the drug supply.

What exactly are nitazenes? These potent synthetic opioids have been linked to overdose deaths worldwide, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. While they were originally created in the 1950s as potential pain relievers, they were never approved for clinical use. Since 2019, nitazenes have been increasingly found in recreational drug supplies in the United States, Canada, and European countries.

Nitazenes are known to be several times more potent than fentanyl, making them extremely dangerous. The lack of clinical trials means that little is known about how the human body reacts to these substances. The risk of accidental overdose is significantly increased when nitazenes are combined with other substances that suppress breathing and heart rate.

Symptoms of a nitazene overdose can develop rapidly, including pinpoint pupils, slow or shallow breathing, nausea, vomiting, pale skin, low blood pressure, and decreased heart rate. The high potency of nitazenes means that medical attention is crucial in the event of an overdose.

Unfortunately, detecting nitazenes is not easy. Fentanyl test strips cannot identify these substances, and specialized equipment is required for accurate detection. Naloxone, a medication that can temporarily reverse the effects of an opioid overdose, may be effective but is not a cure. Quick recognition of overdose symptoms and prompt administration of naloxone can save lives.

Given the heightened toxicity of nitazenes compared to fentanyl, individuals experiencing an overdose may require a higher than normal dose of naloxone. It is essential to seek medical attention even after administering naloxone, as the effects of synthetic opioids can outlast the medication.

In conclusion, the emergence of nitazenes poses a significant threat to public health in Canada. Increased awareness, access to naloxone kits, and prompt medical intervention are essential in addressing the risks associated with these potent synthetic opioids.