Summer heat can damage brain function and worsen mental health, experts say
As summer heat continues to sweep across the United States, warnings have been issued for the East Coast and Midwest. While the impact of hot weather on the body is well-known, it’s important to recognize that extreme heat can also have a significant effect on the brain and mental health.
Dr. Jace Reed, the director of emergency psychiatry at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles, emphasized in an interview with Fox News Digital that the brain is a crucial organ that can be greatly impacted by heat. He highlighted that extreme heat can lead to mental health changes such as increased irritability and anxiety, as well as decreased memory, attention, and reaction time.
These changes can affect daily interactions both socially and professionally. Dr. Reed mentioned that slower task completion or difficulty remembering recent information can be early signs that the heat is affecting mental abilities. More severe symptoms like extreme confusion could indicate the onset of a heat stroke, which may require hospitalization.
Thea Gallagher, a doctor of psychology and director of wellness programs at NYU Langone Health, further explained that when the body overheats, it struggles to maintain internal balance. This can result in disrupted sleep, fatigue, poor concentration, impaired cognitive function, slow reaction times, and difficulties with decision-making.
Additionally, excessive heat can increase oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, potentially damaging neurons, worsening existing neurological conditions, and raising the risk of strokes. The protective blood-brain barrier can also be weakened by high temperatures, making the brain more susceptible to toxins and pathogens.
Furthermore, heatwaves are associated with disturbances in mood and violent behavior, particularly during prolonged periods of extreme heat. Emergency visits for mental health concerns tend to rise on hotter days, with spikes in visits related to anxiety, depression, and substance use.
People with pre-existing mental health conditions such as mood disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety, or dementia are particularly vulnerable in hot weather. Certain psychiatric medications may make it challenging for the body to regulate temperature or stay hydrated, while heat can exacerbate symptoms like agitation or paranoia.
To protect brain health during extreme heat, experts recommend staying hydrated, avoiding peak heat hours, using fans or air conditioning, ensuring restful sleep, checking with a doctor about heat-sensitive medications, practicing relaxation techniques, and staying socially connected.
It’s crucial to prioritize rest and find ways to slow down during hot days to prevent mental health issues from escalating. By taking proactive measures, individuals can safeguard their brain health and well-being during periods of intense heat.
