U.K.’s defence review has lessons for Canada, says former NATO chief

Britain is set to boost its submarine fleet and enhance its nuclear deterrent capabilities as part of a comprehensive defense review that has garnered attention from around the world. The review, spearheaded by U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer, aims to equip the country to combat modern threats and counter the increasing aggression from Russia.

During a press conference at the Govan Shipbuilders Ltd. yard in Scotland, Starmer highlighted the need for the U.K. to be prepared for potential conflicts in Europe, cyberattacks, and Russian provocations in British waters and airspace. The review, led by former NATO Secretary General Lord George Robertson, has been described as a blueprint to make Britain stronger and safer, emphasizing the importance of robust alliances and cutting-edge military capabilities.

Central to the defense review is a plan to replace the existing Vanguard-class nuclear submarines with a total of 12 submarines, including both nuclear and conventional attack variants. Additionally, the U.K. plans to invest £15 billion in updating its nuclear weapons deterrent through the sovereign warhead program. This move comes at a time when there are concerns in Europe about the reliability of the U.S. nuclear umbrella.

Unlike other nuclear powers, the U.K.’s deterrent is solely deployed on ballistic missile submarines, ensuring a constant presence of at least one ballistic missile boat at sea. The defense plan also includes the construction of six munitions factories in the U.K. and calls for closer collaboration between the government and the defense industry to drive innovation at a rapid pace.

With 62 recommendations put forward in the review, the U.K. government is expected to fully adopt the proposed measures. Starmer has pledged a significant increase in defense spending, aiming to reach 2.5% of the GDP by 2027, with a target of 3% in the subsequent Parliament, contingent on economic conditions.

Robertson, who also spoke at the Ottawa defense arms exposition, believes that Canada can learn valuable lessons from the U.K. review. He emphasized the importance of streamlining procurement processes to meet ambitious defense goals, citing the need for a closer relationship between defense industry stakeholders and policymakers. The goal is to ensure decision-makers understand the requirements and possibilities from a company perspective.

In light of the U.K.’s defense overhaul, Robertson met with defense contractors at the conference and expressed understanding of Canadian frustrations with the procurement process. He stressed the need for both the U.K. and Canada to reduce reliance on external sources for ammunition and equipment, emphasizing the importance of self-reliance in defense capabilities.

Canada, under the leadership of Prime Minister Mark Carney, has committed to increasing defense spending and acquiring a fleet of conventionally powered submarines. Carney has pledged to meet the NATO benchmark of 2% of GDP defense spending by 2030 or earlier. Robertson commended Canada’s efforts and expressed optimism about the country’s commitment to fulfilling its obligations within the Western military alliance.

As countries like the U.K. and Canada prioritize strengthening their defense capabilities, the focus on innovation, self-reliance, and strategic partnerships will be crucial in navigating an increasingly complex global security landscape. The defense review serves as a reminder of the importance of staying ahead of evolving threats and adapting to modern challenges to ensure national security and defense readiness.