Tire particles, perfumes, metals? Extensive study of Toronto air looks at what we’re breathing in

As Elisabeth Galarneau strolled down Fort York Boulevard on a crisp afternoon, her keen eye as a scientist immediately picked out potential sources of air pollution in Toronto. The well-manicured lawns and flower beds could be emitting airborne pesticides, while the high-rise apartment buildings nearby could be contributing pollutants from heating, cooling, and household products. Charcoal barbecues, restaurant stoves, fire pits, and even squealing tires on nearby highways all played a role in the quality of air that Torontonians breathe.

Galarneau, along with a team of over 100 scientists, embarked on a comprehensive study of winter air quality in Toronto. The Study of Winter Air Pollution in Toronto (SWAPIT) aimed to uncover rarely-measured pollutants such as microplastics, brake wear chemicals, and metals across the city. This research was crucial in understanding the full spectrum of pollutants that residents are exposed to, as well as the variations in different neighborhoods.

Despite expectations of cleaner air during the winter months, the initial results of the study were surprising. Pollutants were found to reach moderate to high risk levels on the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), exceeding expectations. The study involved collecting air samples from various locations across Toronto, including Pearson Airport, York University, University of Toronto Scarborough, and even the CN Tower.

One of the most unexpected findings was the significant variation in air pollution levels depending on the neighborhood. Some pollutants were found to be up to 40 times higher in certain areas, highlighting the need for a more targeted approach to addressing air quality issues. The full results of the study, which will be published in the coming year, will provide more detailed insights into the specific sources and impacts of air pollution in Toronto.

As the researchers delve into the data to identify patterns and sources of pollution, the focus will also be on understanding the health impacts on residents and how factors like income may influence exposure. The findings of the study are expected to not only shed light on the current air quality situation in Toronto but also serve as a model for other cities in Canada.

The implications of poor air quality are not lost on environmental activists like Rahul Mehta, who eagerly anticipates the release of the study’s results. Mehta, who advocates for sustainable practices in Mississauga, understands the personal and public health risks associated with air pollution. By raising awareness and pushing for better regulations, he hopes to protect the community from the harmful effects of pollution.

Toronto Public Health, a partner in the SWAPIT study, acknowledges the importance of the research in guiding local policies and actions. The evidence gathered from this study will play a crucial role in shaping future regulations and initiatives to improve air quality in Toronto. With a better understanding of the sources and impacts of air pollution, city officials and residents can work together to create a cleaner and healthier environment for all.