Health misinformation on the rise, Canadian Medical Association survey finds
Health and science misinformation is becoming increasingly prevalent, as more Canadians rely on social media for news rather than traditional media sources. A recent survey conducted by the Canadian Medical Association (CMA) revealed that 62% of respondents have encountered false or misleading health information, marking an eight percent increase from the previous year. This trend is concerning to experts like Tim Caulfield, a misinformation specialist, who emphasizes the public health risks associated with spreading misinformation.
The CMA’s survey, which polled over 3,700 Canadians, found that younger generations, particularly Gen Z and millennials, are more likely to consume news from social media platforms. Millennials, in particular, reported encountering health misinformation at a higher rate than other age groups. Across all demographics, there was a notable increase in encountering false health information in 2024 compared to the previous year. Additionally, the survey identified that 43% of Canadians are highly susceptible to misinformation, and trust in health news is declining.
Misinformation expert Samantha Yammine distinguishes between misinformation, which is inadvertently shared, and disinformation, which is intentionally spread. She notes that misinformation can be shared innocently, while disinformation is disseminated with the knowledge that it is false. During the pandemic, misinformation surrounding topics like physical distancing, masks, and vaccines was rampant. Caulfield highlights vaccines as a significant source of misinformation, while Yammine notes the rise in false information regarding topics like pasteurized milk and seed oils.
The spread of misinformation is fueled by factors such as echo chambers, where individuals are exposed to information that aligns with their beliefs, and institutional distrust. Despite a growing skepticism towards health news, 73% of survey respondents believe that Health Canada is primarily responsible for combating health misinformation. However, Caulfield emphasizes that distrust is often fueled by the spread of false information.
To combat misinformation, Caulfield and Yammine recommend being cautious of anecdotal claims, emotionally charged stories, and overconfident assertions devoid of evidence. They advise seeking information from credible sources that acknowledge the complexity of issues and the limitations of individual studies. Red flags include believing in conspiracy theories and being lured by supplement sales promising miraculous cures. Yammine advocates for a mindful approach, urging individuals to pause, evaluate information critically, and allocate attention to sources that have earned trust.
In conclusion, the proliferation of health and science misinformation poses a significant threat to public health. By being vigilant, discerning, and mindful consumers of information, individuals can combat the spread of false information and contribute to a more informed society.
