Virus that poses ‘serious threat’ to Niagara stonefruit detected in area, prompting federal agency response

Canada’s food regulator, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), is taking proactive measures to prevent the spread of the plum pox virus (PPV) in the Hamilton and Niagara area. This virus, which affects fruit trees such as peaches, nectarines, plums, apricots, cherries, and almonds, can significantly reduce yields and pose a serious threat to Canada’s tender fruit, fruit processing, and nursery industries.

The CFIA has been monitoring and managing the PPV since 2011, as it does not harm humans but can have a negative impact on stone fruit trees. In 2013, a regulated area was established in the northern part of Niagara and part of east Hamilton, where it is forbidden to move and grow plants hosting the virus.

Inspectors routinely monitor and take samples from trees near the border of the regulated area to detect any signs of the virus. While over 10 years had passed without any detections, two new infestations were identified in Stoney Creek within the Hamilton part of the regulated area last summer. As a response, the CFIA expanded a portion of the zone by an additional 2.5 kilometers to prevent further spread.

The detection of the new infestations is concerning, and the CFIA aims to slow down any future spread by extending the area with restrictions. Inside the regulated zone, individuals are prohibited from moving potentially infested materials, and growers must source new trees from outside the zone or CFIA-approved growers to prevent the spread of the virus.

Inspectors conduct regular surveillance by sampling leaves from trees in orchards and private properties to monitor the presence of the virus. This monitoring is crucial not only for protecting domestic trees but also for maintaining access to the United States fruit market for Canadian growers.

Plum pox virus, first identified in Bulgaria, was initially detected in Ontario and Nova Scotia in 2000 and Pennsylvania in 1999. While it no longer exists in the eastern province or the United States, the Niagara-Hamilton area remains the sole PPV regulated zone in Ontario.

Aphids can spread the virus between trees, and it can also be transmitted when people propagate new plants using infected plants, hence the strict restrictions on propagation. Symptoms of PPV include ring-like spots on leaves and fruit, but the virus is most reliably detected through tissue samples. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for PPV, and the most effective way to prevent the spread is to remove infected trees and their roots.

CFIA inspectors will be actively monitoring the area during the growing season and are available to address any concerns or questions from the public. Individuals can also report sightings online to assist in the protection of Canada’s industry and environment. It is crucial to work together to safeguard the country’s fruit trees and prevent the further spread of the plum pox virus.